MCA eForm MR-1: Appointment of Managerial Personnel Explained

Sep 29, 2025
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MCA eForm MR-1 is a mandatory compliance requirement under the Companies Act, 2013. It is filed to record the appointment or reappointment of managerial personnel, such as a managing director (MD), whole-time director (WTD), or manager

The filing must be completed online through the MCA portal, ensuring transparency, regulatory compliance, and adherence to corporate governance standards.

In this blog, we’ll cover what eForm MR-1 is, the laws governing it, eligibility criteria, its purpose, documents required, the step-by-step filing process, and common errors to avoid.

Table of Contents

What is MCA eForm MR-1?

MCA eForm MR-1 is a statutory filing under Section 196 of the Companies Act, 2013. It is used to record the appointment or reappointment of key managerial personnel, namely:

  • Managing Director (MD)
  • Whole-Time Director (WTD)
  • Manager

Filing MR-1 is mandatory for both public and private limited companies. It ensures compliance with corporate governance norms. The form must be filed within 60 days of appointment.

Laws Governing the eForm MR-1

The legal framework for filing MR-1 is governed by:

  • Sections 196 & 197 of the Companies Act, 2013
  • Schedule V of the Companies Act, 2013
  • Rule 3 of the Companies (Appointment and Remuneration of Managerial Personnel) Rules, 2014

Key provisions include:

  • The appointment/reappointment of MD, WTD, or Manager must be filed with the Registrar of Companies (RoC) within 60 days.
  • A person cannot be an MD or a Manager in more than one company simultaneously (except subsidiaries with Board approval).
  • The maximum tenure is 5 years, and reappointment can only be made within one year of the expiry of the current term.

Eligibility Criteria for Filing MCA eForm MR-1

To be eligible for appointment via MR-1, the following conditions must be met:

  • Age requirement: The appointee must be between 21 and 70 years. Appointment above 70 years is allowed only through a special resolution passed by shareholders.
  • Must comply with the Articles of Association (AoA) of the company.
  • The appointment must be approved by both the Board of Directors and shareholders in the general meeting.
  • The appointee must not be disqualified under Section 164 of the Companies Act, 2013 (e.g., insolvent, convicted of an offence, or default in filing returns).

Purpose of the eForm MR-1

The primary purpose of filing eForm MR-1 is to intimate the Registrar of Companies (RoC) about the appointment or reappointment of managerial personnel.

  • It serves as the official record of managerial appointments.
  • Filing ensures compliance with Schedule V of the Companies Act.
  • The form must be filed within 60 days of such appointment.

Documents Required for Filing MCA eForm MR-1

The following documents must be attached to MR-1 while filing:

  1. Certified true copy of the Board Resolution approving the appointment.
  2. Certified true copy of the Shareholders’ Resolution (if applicable).
  3. Central Government approval (if required under Section 196/197).
  4. Letter of consent from the appointee.
  5. Certificate from the Nomination and Remuneration Committee (if applicable).

Step-by-Step Procedure for Filing MCA eForm MR-1

Here’s how to file eForm MR-1 online:

  1. Log in to the MCA portal.
  2. Download eForm MR-1 from the MCA forms section.
  3. Fill in company details (CIN, name, registered office, etc.).
  4. Enter appointment details (DIN/PAN of appointee, designation, tenure, remuneration).
  5. Attach required documents such as resolutions and consent letters.
  6. Digitally sign the form using a valid Director/Professional DSC.
  7. Upload the form to the MCA portal.
  8. Pay the prescribed filing fee.
  9. Generate and save the Service Request Number (SRN) to track status.

Once processed, an acknowledgement of filing is sent by the MCA.

Common Errors in Filing MCA eForm MR-1

Many companies face rejections or delays due to mistakes. Common errors include:

  • Entering incorrect DIN/PAN details of the appointee.
  • Failure to attach mandatory resolutions.
  • Missing the 60-day filing deadline.
  • Using an unauthorised or expired DSC.
  • Non-compliance with age or disqualification criteria.

Frequently Asked Questions

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  • Businesses looking for minimal compliance
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  • Professional services 
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  • Firms sharing resources with limited liability 

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the MCA eForm MR-1 used for?

MCA eForm MR-1 is used to file the return of appointment or reappointment of managerial personnel with the Registrar of Companies (RoC). This includes the appointment of a Managing Director (MD), Whole-Time Director (WTD), or Manager.

Who must file E-Form MR-1?

Every company (public or private) that appoints or reappoints:

  • Managing Director (MD)
  • Whole-Time Director (WTD)
  • Manager

Form MR-1 with the RoC must be filed within 60 days of appointment.

Can MR-1 be filed for a private company?

Yes. Both public and private limited companies must file MR-1 if they appoint a Managing Director, Whole-Time Director, or Manager.

What is the fee for filing eForm MR-1?

The filing fee for MR-1 depends on the nominal share capital of the company, as per the Companies (Registration Offices and Fees) Rules, 2014:

  • Up to ₹1,00,000: ₹200
  • ₹1,00,000- ₹4,99,999: ₹300
  • ₹5,00,000- ₹24,99,999: ₹400
  • ₹25,00,000- ₹99,99,999: ₹500
  • ₹1 crore or more: ₹600

What happens if eForm MR-1 is not filed within the prescribed time?

Failure to file MR-1 within 60 days can result in:

  • Additional fees/penalties depending on the delay.
  • Possible treatment of the appointment as invalid for non-compliance.
  • The company and its officers become liable for penalties under Section 450 of the Companies Act, 2013.

Sarthak Goyal

Sarthak Goyal is a Chartered Accountant with 10+ years of experience in business process consulting, internal audits, risk management, and Virtual CFO services. He cleared his CA at 21, began his career in a PSU, and went on to establish a successful ₹8 Cr+ e-commerce venture.

He has since advised ₹200–1000 Cr+ companies on streamlining operations, setting up audit frameworks, and financial monitoring. A community builder for finance professionals and an amateur writer, Sarthak blends deep finance expertise with an entrepreneurial spirit and a passion for continuous learning.

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Related Posts

Common Fundraising Compliance Mistakes in India and How to Avoid Them

Common Fundraising Compliance Mistakes in India and How to Avoid Them

Fundraising is a defining milestone that often shapes a startup's future. For founders in India, securing external funding can unlock new markets, accelerate product development, and attract the right talent. But in the race to pitch to investors and close deals, many founders tend to sideline one crucial aspect: compliance.

Investors today conduct rigorous due diligence before committing funds. A single compliance gap can trigger red flags, delay funding, or worse—lead to deal cancellations. Moreover, non-compliance can expose your startup to penalties, regulatory scrutiny, and reputational damage that could hinder future fundraising efforts.

This blog sheds light on some of the most common fundraising compliance mistakes founders in India make and practical ways to avoid them.

Table of Contents

Lack of a Clear Value Proposition

A strong value proposition is the foundation of any successful fundraising pitch. Yet, many founders struggle to explain what truly sets their startup apart. VCs in India often report that over 60% of the pitches they reject fail at this first hurdle. Investors aren't just backing ideas—they're investing in solutions that address real market needs with a clear, defensible growth path.

The Impact:

  • A weak or generic value proposition makes it hard for investors to see the potential for a 10x-100x return on investment.
  • It raises doubts about the founder’s understanding of the market. An average investor spends less than three minutes reviewing a pitch deck; a confusing message means instant rejection.

How to Avoid It:

  • Articulate your Problem-Solution Fit: Quantify the problem. Instead of "we help SMEs digitize," say "we help India's 63 million SMEs reduce their average monthly accounting overhead by 30%."
  • Highlight Unique Differentiators: Is it your proprietary tech, an exclusive partnership, a revolutionary business model (e.g., unique GTM strategy for Tier-2/3 cities), or a founding team with deep domain expertise from a relevant unicorn?
  • Keep it Concise: Practice a 30-second elevator pitch that clearly states the problem, solution, target market, and secret sauce.

Underestimating Market Size and Competition

Many founders present overly optimistic market size estimates, often citing a massive, irrelevant TAM. Investors quickly pick up on these gaps, which signal poor research and a weak business strategy.

The Impact:

  • Claiming the entire $150 billion Indian retail market for a niche D2C fashion brand erodes credibility instantly.
  • Ignoring direct and indirect competitors shows a lack of preparedness. An investor will likely know the competitive landscape better than you.

How to Avoid It:

  • Use Credible Data: Back your market estimates with data from sources like NASSCOM, Bain & Company, Inc42, Tracxn, or government reports (e.g., Economic Survey of India).
  • Present a Clear TAM, SAM, SOM:
    • Total Addressable Market (TAM): The total market demand (e.g., The entire Indian EdTech market, valued at $29 billion by 2030).
    • Serviceable Available Market (SAM): The segment you can target (e.g., K-12 test prep market in India, estimated at $10 billion).
    • Serviceable Obtainable Market (SOM): What you can realistically capture in 3-5 years (e.g., 1-2% of the SAM, representing a $100-$200 million revenue opportunity).
  • Showcase Competitive Analysis: Create a competitive matrix that maps key players against features, pricing, and market share. Clearly articulate your unique edge.

Insufficient Due Diligence on Investors

In the rush to secure funding, many startups forget that an investor-founder relationship is a long-term partnership, often lasting 7-10 years. Not every investor is the right fit for your business.

The Impact:

  • Misaligned goals can lead to conflict. An investor seeking a quick 2-year exit will clash with a founder building for long-term market leadership.
  • Some investors carry reputational risks or have a portfolio full of conflicting companies, which can harm your business.

How to Avoid It:

  • Research Investor Portfolios: Use platforms like Tracxn or Crunchbase to see their past investments, sector focus, typical cheque size, and involvement level.
  • Conduct "Reverse Due Diligence": Talk to at least 2-3 founders from their portfolio. Ask about their experience, the value-add beyond capital, and how the investor behaves during challenging times.
  • Ensure Vision Alignment: Discuss your long-term vision, potential exit scenarios, and governance expectations before signing the term sheet.

Poor Financial Projections

Financial projections aren’t just numbers on a slide—they're a reflection of your business acumen. Investors expect thoughtful, data-driven projections that are realistic and achievable.

The Impact:

  • Projecting 100% month-on-month growth for 36 months without validated unit economics (CAC, LTV) is a major red flag.
  • Unrealistic forecasts that show profitability in six months for a deep-tech R&D startup diminish trust in your planning abilities.

How to Avoid It:

  • Build Bottom-Up Projections: Base your forecasts on key drivers: marketing spend, conversion rates, sales team efficiency, production capacity, and churn rates.
  • Show Key Metrics: Clearly state your assumptions for Customer Acquisition Cost (CAC), Lifetime Value (LTV), Churn Rate, and Monthly Burn Rate. A healthy LTV/CAC ratio (ideally >3:1) is a strong positive signal.
  • Present Scenarios: Show a baseline (most likely), an optimistic, and a conservative case. This demonstrates strategic thinking.

Ignoring Legal and Regulatory Compliance

This is one of the most critical and overlooked areas. Non-compliance with Indian regulations can kill a deal during due diligence.

The Impact:

  • Legal and compliance issues are a leading cause for fundraising delays, with 25-30% of deals facing hurdles at the due diligence stage due to poor documentation.
  • Non-compliance with the Companies Act, 2013, or FDI norms can lead to hefty penalties, voiding of share allotment, or even criminal proceedings.

How to Avoid It:

  • Maintain a "Virtual Data Room" (VDR): Keep all documents audit-ready. This includes:
    • Corporate Documents: Certificate of Incorporation, Memorandum of Association (MoA), Articles of Association (AoA).
    • Secretarial Records: Up-to-date statutory registers, board minutes, and shareholder resolutions.
    • Cap Table: A clean, accurate capitalization table. Any discrepancy here is a major red flag.
    • IP: All intellectual property assignments from founders, employees, and consultants are properly documented.
    • Employee Documentation: Compliant employment agreements and a properly structured and approved Employee Stock Option Plan (ESOP).
  • Comply with FDI Regulations: If raising from foreign investors, ensure compliance with FEMA (Foreign Exchange Management Act) regulations, including sectoral caps, pricing guidelines, and timely reporting to the RBI through the FIRMS portal (Form FC-GPR must be filed within 30 days of share allotment).
  • Engage Professionals: Work with a qualified Company Secretary (CS) and a corporate lawyer from day one. The cost is negligible compared to the cost of a failed funding round.

Overvaluing Your Startup

An inflated valuation without the backing of strong metrics can scare off investors. The Indian market has seen valuation corrections, with late-stage valuations dropping by 20-25% in 2023.

The Impact:

  • A high valuation sets unrealistic expectations, making future rounds difficult and increasing the risk of a "down round," which demoralizes employees and signals distress to the market.
  • For a pre-revenue idea, asking for a ₹50 Crore ($6 million) valuation will likely get you laughed out of the room. A typical Indian idea-stage valuation is in the ₹5-15 Crore ($0.6M - $1.8M) range.

How to Avoid It:

  • Benchmark Your Valuation: Research recent deals in your sector and stage in India. A seed-stage SaaS startup with ₹1 Crore ($120k) in ARR might command a valuation between ₹10-20 Crore (10x-20x ARR), not ₹100 Crore.
  • Focus on Building Value: Traction speaks louder than projections. Show month-on-month growth in users, revenue, or engagement before demanding a premium valuation.
  • Be Negotiable: Use convertible instruments like iSAFE notes (India Simple Agreement for Future Equity) to defer the valuation discussion to a later, metrics-backed round.

Focusing Solely on Equity Funding

Equity isn't the only option. India's venture debt market has grown significantly, with over $1.2 billion disbursed in 2023. Overlooking alternatives can lead to unnecessary dilution.

The Impact:

  • Selling 20-25% of your company at the seed stage can lead to founders having less than 50% ownership by Series A, reducing their control and motivation.
  • You may be missing out on non-dilutive capital that is better suited for your needs (e.g., funding inventory).

How to Avoid It:

  • Explore Venture Debt: If you have predictable revenue streams, venture debt can fund working capital or marketing expenses with minimal dilution (1-2% warrant coverage vs. 20% equity).
  • Look into Grants and Government Schemes: Investigate programs like the Startup India Seed Fund Scheme (SISFS), SIDBI Fund of Funds, and various state-level grants that provide capital without taking equity.
  • Consider Revenue-Based Financing: For businesses with recurring revenue (SaaS, D2C subscriptions), platforms offer capital in exchange for a percentage of future revenue, with no equity dilution.

Rushing the Fundraising Process

Fundraising is a marathon, not a sprint. The pressure to secure capital often leads to a rushed process, resulting in bad deals or missed opportunities.

The Impact:

  • A rushed pitch appears unprofessional and unprepared. Investors can sense desperation.
  • Founders often accept the first term sheet they receive, which may have predatory clauses (e.g., aggressive liquidation preferences, broad veto rights).

How to Avoid It:

  • Plan for a 4-6 Month Cycle: The average fundraising process in India, from the first outreach to money in the bank, takes 4-6 months. Start well before your cash runs out.
  • Prepare a Target List: Research and build a list of 50-100 relevant investors. Fundraising is a numbers game. You might need 100+ conversations to get 1-2 term sheets.

Build Relationships Early: Don't reach out to investors only when you need money. Connect with them on LinkedIn, share updates, and seek advice months in advance. A warm introduction from a trusted source increases your chance of getting a meeting by over 10x.

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1,499 + Govt. Fee
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Frequently Asked Questions

What Documents Are typically required during a Fundraising Round in India?

When raising funds in India, especially from institutional investors or sophisticated angels, startups are expected to present a set of key documents. The typical documents include:

  • Pitch Deck 
  • Business Plan/Model Document
  • Financial Statements
  • Projections/Financial Model
  • Cap Table
  • Company Incorporation Documents
  • Shareholder Agreements (if any)
  • Legal & Regulatory Compliance Documents

What Is a Term Sheet and Why Is It Important?

A Term Sheet is a non-binding document that outlines the key terms and conditions under which an investor agrees to invest in a startup. It typically covers:

  • Valuation
  • Investment Amount
  • Equity Stake
  • Investor Rights (Board Seats, Information Rights)
  • Liquidation Preference
  • Anti-Dilution Provisions
  • Exit Clauses

It sets the negotiation framework before drafting the final legal agreements and helps both parties align on expectations, rights, and obligations. 

How Much Equity Should a Startup Give Away in the First Round of Funding?

There’s no fixed percentage, but most early-stage startups in India dilute anywhere between 10% to 25% in their first funding round (usually seed or pre-seed).

How Long Does the Fundraising Process Usually Take?

The typical fundraising cycle, from initial outreach to money in the bank, can take 3 to 6 months, sometimes longer, depending on factors like market conditions, founder network, startup stage, etc.

What Is a Convertible Note and How Is It Different from Equity?

A Convertible Note is a debt instrument that converts into equity at a future date, typically during a priced funding round. Startups often use convertible notes in early rounds like seed funding to delay valuation discussions.

A convertible note differs from direct equity because it starts as a debt instrument and later converts into equity, typically during a future funding round. Unlike equity—where investors immediately receive shares based on a set valuation—convertible notes allow startups to raise funds without determining the company’s valuation upfront.

Nipun Jain

Nipun Jain is a seasoned startup leader with 13+ years of experience across zero-to-one journeys, leading enterprise sales, partnerships, and strategy at high-growth startups. He currently heads Razorpay Rize, where he's building India's most loved startup enablement program and launched Rize Incorporation to simplify company registration for founders.

Previously, he founded Natty Niños and scaled it before exiting in 2021, then led enterprise growth at Pickrr Technologies, contributing to its $200M acquisition by Shiprocket. A builder at heart, Nipun loves numbers, stories and simplifying complex processes.

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How to Start a Franchise Business in India? Complete Guide

How to Start a Franchise Business in India? Complete Guide

Starting a franchise business in India is a lucrative opportunity for aspiring entrepreneurs. Franchising allows individuals to operate a business under an established brand with a proven business model. It offers benefits like brand recognition, operational support, and reduced risk compared to starting an independent venture.

This blog will walk you through everything you need to know about franchising in India.

Table of Contents

What Is The Meaning of Franchising a Business?

Franchising is a business model where a franchisor grants the rights to an individual (franchisee) to operate under its brand, using its products, services, and business processes. The franchisee pays a fee and agrees to operate under the franchisor’s guidelines in exchange for brand licensing, training, operational support, and marketing assistance.

The franchising model benefits both parties:

  • Franchisor Benefits: Rapid expansion, increased brand reach, and revenue from franchise fees.
  • Franchisee Benefits: Access to a recognised brand, reduced startup risk, and operational guidance.

Key aspects of franchising include:

  • Brand Licensing: The franchisee gets permission to use the franchisor's brand name and trademarks.
  • Operational Support: Training, marketing, and business strategy support are provided.
  • Profit-sharing Agreements: Franchisees pay royalties or a percentage of revenue to the franchisor.

Types of Franchises

Franchises can be categorised based on their structure and operational model:

Product Distribution Franchise:

  • Franchisee sells the franchisor’s products under its brand.
  • Examples: Automobile dealerships (Maruti Suzuki), and soft drink bottlers (Coca-Cola).

Business Format Franchise:

  • Franchisee adopts the entire business model, including operations, branding, and marketing.
  • Examples: McDonald’s, Domino’s, KFC.

Manufacturing Franchise:

  • Franchisee manufactures and sells the franchisor’s products under its brand name.
  • Example: Food and beverage brands allowing third-party bottlers.

Job Franchise:

  • A low-cost model where individuals operate small-scale service businesses.
  • Examples: Cleaning services, travel agencies, real estate consultancy.

How Long Does It Take To Franchise a Business?

Franchising a business typically takes between six months to two years, depending on factors like:

  • Industry type and regulatory requirements.
  • Business readiness and operational scalability.
  • Development of legal and training documents.
  • Marketing efforts to attract franchisees.

How Much Should It Cost To Franchise a Business?

The cost to franchise a business can vary significantly based on factors like industry, business model, and support provided. On average, franchising a business may cost between ₹5 lakh to ₹50 lakh or more in India. Key expenses include:

  • Franchise Fee: ₹2 lakh to ₹10 lakh (varies by brand reputation).
  • Legal and Registration Fees: ₹50,000 to ₹2 lakh.
  • Training and Support Costs: ₹1 lakh to ₹5 lakh.
  • Marketing and Branding Expenses: ₹1 lakh to ₹3 lakh.
  • Infrastructure Setup: Varies depending on the business type.

Additional factors like franchise location, infrastructure requirements, and marketing strategy impact the overall investment.

Advantages of Franchising a Business

  1. Rapid Expansion: Scale business operations quickly with minimal capital investment.
  2. Lower Financial Risk: Franchisees fund their business setup, reducing financial burden.
  3. Brand Recognition: Established branding makes it easier to attract customers.
  4. Operational Support: Franchisees receive training, marketing, and business guidance.
  5. Access to Motivated Franchisees: Entrepreneurs invest time and money, ensuring dedication to success.

Disadvantages of Franchising a Business

  1. Loss of Control: Franchisees operate independently, which can lead to inconsistencies.
  2. Reputation Risk: Poorly managed franchises can damage brand image.
  3. Legal & Financial Complexity: Requires detailed agreements and ongoing compliance.
  4. Ongoing Training & Support: Continuous investment in franchisee development is necessary.

Franchise Vs Licensing: What’s The Difference?

Franchising Licensing
Control High Control Low control
Legal obligations Extensive with detailed agreements Less strict, focussed on intellectual property rights
Investment Higher due to training, support, and operational costs Lower primarily for brand usage
Brand usage Franchisee must follow strict brand guidelines Licensee can identify how the brand can be used
Revenue model Royalties, franchise payments, ongoing payments One-time or periodic licensing fees

How to Start a Franchise Business - 8 Key Steps

Step 1: Determine If Franchising is Right For Your Business

Before diving into franchising, evaluate whether your business is scalable, profitable, and replicable. Ask yourself:

  • Is there consistent demand for my product or service?
  • Can my business model be easily duplicated in different locations
  • Do I have strong branding and operational processes in place?

Not all businesses are fit for franchising. A successful franchise model requires a proven track record, solid profit margins, and strong brand appeal to attract potential franchisees.

Step 2: Protect Your Business’s Intellectual Property

Your brand is one of your most valuable assets. Before offering franchises, secure trademarks, copyrights, and proprietary processes to prevent misuse and ensure brand consistency.

Step 3: Prepare Your Franchise Disclosure Document (FDD)

The Franchise Disclosure Document (FDD) is a legal document that provides prospective franchisees with full transparency about their business. This document must comply with franchise laws and typically includes:

  • Franchise fees and ongoing costs
  • Training and support provided
  • Franchisor and franchisee responsibilities
  • Earnings potential (if disclosed)
  • Legal obligations and dispute resolution process

A well-structured FDD builds trust with potential franchisees and helps you stay compliant with franchise laws.

Step 4: Draft a Franchise Agreement

The franchise agreement is a legally binding contract outlining the rights and responsibilities of both the franchisor (you) and the franchisee. Key elements to include:

  • Operational guidelines – How franchisees must run the business
  • Fee structure – Initial franchise fees, royalties, and marketing fund contributions
  • Territory rights – The defined area where the franchisee can operate
  • Training and support – What assistance franchisees will receive
  • Exit clauses – Terms under which a franchise can be sold or terminated

This document ensures both parties are aligned and protects your brand from misuse.

Step 5: Register Your Company

Depending on your state and region, you may need to register your franchise with government authorities before selling franchise units. Registration is not mandatory, but it is required to obtain GST registration depending on the turnover.

Head over to Razorpay Rize to Register your Company.

Step 6: Compile an Operation Manual

A franchise operations manual is a step-by-step guide that helps franchisees run the business successfully while maintaining brand consistency. It should cover:

  • Day-to-day business processes
  • Hiring and training staff
  • Customer service guidelines
  • Marketing and advertising strategies
  • Financial management and reporting

Step 7: File or Register Your FDD

Once your FDD is finalised, keep it securely stored for easy access and updates as needed. While the FDD is a mandatory document, filing requirements vary by state.

Step 8: Set Strategy To Achieve Your Sales Goal

Develop marketing and recruitment strategies to attract the right franchise partners. The strategy should be tailored to your business, community, and growth objectives. Here are some effective ideas to consider:

  • Provide a referral incentive for those who bring in qualified franchisee applicants.
  • Develop a strategic marketing plan from the start to capture attention.
  • Recruit sales professionals who understand your business and its story.

5 Strategies to Help You Succeed at Franchising

  1. Maintain Brand Consistency: Implement strict guidelines for uniformity across locations.
  2. Select the Right Franchisees: Screen candidates for skills, experience, and commitment.
  3. Provide Ongoing Training & Support: Regularly update franchisees with best practices.
  4. Implement Effective Marketing Strategies: Invest in advertising and localised promotions.
  5. Ensure Strong Financial Management: Monitor franchise performance and optimize cost structures.

Case Studies of Successful Franchise Businesses

Franchising is a proven business model that allows entrepreneurs to leverage established brands and systems for success. Below are examples of successful franchise businesses, showcasing their revenue, profit margins, and operational highlights.

1. McDonald's

  • Industry: Quick-Service Restaurant (QSR)
  • Investment: ₹6–14 crores
  • Profit Margin: 50–60%
  • Break-even Period: 4–5 years
    McDonald’s is one of the most profitable franchises globally due to its standardized operations and strong brand recognition. In India, its franchise model offers high footfall and consistent demand, making it a lucrative investment.

2. Baskin Robbins

  • Industry: Ice Cream and Dessert
  • Investment: ₹10–20 lakhs
  • Profit Margin: 50–60%
  • Break-even Period: 6–12 months
    With over 800 outlets in India, Baskin Robbins has built a strong presence in the dessert market. Its diverse flavors and year-round demand ensure steady sales and excellent returns for franchisees.

3. Haldiram

  • Industry: Food and Snacks
  • Investment: ₹30 lakhs–₹6 crores (depending on store format)
  • Profit Margin: 50–60%
  • Break-even Period: 2–3 years
    Haldiram is a trusted name in Indian snacks and sweets. Its franchise model offers multiple formats, including quick-service restaurants and dine-in outlets, ensuring high profitability backed by a loyal customer base.

4. Marco’s Pizza

Marco’s Pizza achieved remarkable growth with a revenue increase of 23.5% in one year by opening 113 stores. The brand focuses on strategic revenue-boosting approaches, making it one of the fastest-growing pizza franchises globally.

5. Lenskart

  • Industry: Eyewear Retail
  • Investment: ₹25 lakhs
  • Profit Margin: Approx. 33%
    Lenskart is India’s largest eyewear brand, offering trendy products such as prescription glasses and sunglasses. With innovative features like "Try Before You Buy," its franchise model generates average monthly sales of ₹9 lakhs, making it ideal for urban markets

Final Thoughts

Franchising can be a great way to start a business without building everything from scratch. You get a known brand, a proven business model, and ongoing support but it’s not a shortcut to success. It still takes effort, investment, and commitment to make it work.

The key is choosing the right franchise. Think about what fits your skills, budget, and long-term goals. A great brand in the wrong location or with poor financial planning can still struggle. Do your homework, understand the costs, and be ready to follow the franchisor’s guidelines.

Frequently Asked Questions

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Private Limited Company
(Pvt. Ltd.)

1,499 + Govt. Fee
BEST SUITED FOR
  • Service-based businesses
  • Businesses looking to issue shares
  • Businesses seeking investment through equity-based funding


Limited Liability Partnership
(LLP)

1,499 + Govt. Fee
BEST SUITED FOR
  • Professional services 
  • Firms seeking any capital contribution from Partners
  • Firms sharing resources with limited liability 

One Person Company
(OPC)

1,499 + Govt. Fee
BEST SUITED FOR
  • Freelancers, Small-scale businesses
  • Businesses looking for minimal compliance
  • Businesses looking for single-ownership

Private Limited Company
(Pvt. Ltd.)

1,499 + Govt. Fee
BEST SUITED FOR
  • Service-based businesses
  • Businesses looking to issue shares
  • Businesses seeking investment through equity-based funding


One Person Company
(OPC)

1,499 + Govt. Fee
BEST SUITED FOR
  • Freelancers, Small-scale businesses
  • Businesses looking for minimal compliance
  • Businesses looking for single-ownership

Private Limited Company
(Pvt. Ltd.)

1,499 + Govt. Fee
BEST SUITED FOR
  • Service-based businesses
  • Businesses looking to issue shares
  • Businesses seeking investment through equity-based funding


Limited Liability Partnership
(LLP)

1,499 + Govt. Fee
BEST SUITED FOR
  • Professional services 
  • Firms seeking any capital contribution from Partners
  • Firms sharing resources with limited liability 

Frequently Asked Questions

How do I open up my own franchise?

To start your own franchise-

  • You’ll need to create a business model that can be replicated. This involves building a strong brand, developing detailed operational processes, and ensuring your business is profitable.
  • Next, you’ll need to register as a franchisor, create legal agreements (Franchise Disclosure Document & Franchise Agreement), and establish a support system for franchisees.
  • Once everything is in place, you can start recruiting franchise partners.

Do I need to register my franchise?

Yes, in most countries, you need to register your franchise before offering it to potential franchisees. The requirements vary by region—some require a Franchise Disclosure Document (FDD) and legal agreements, while others may have additional licensing requirements.

Which franchise is best for beginners?

For beginners, it’s best to choose a franchise with low initial investment, strong brand recognition, and comprehensive support. Some beginner-friendly franchises include:

  • Food & Beverage: Subway, Dunkin’
  • Retail: Miniso, FirstCry
  • Education & Coaching: Kumon, The Learning Experience
  • Service-Based: Urban Company

Look for franchises with a simple operating model and strong training programs to make the transition smoother.

Which franchise is most profitable?

Profitability depends on location, investment, and management. Before investing, analyse franchise fees, profit margins, and ongoing costs to determine the best fit.

Are franchise fees monthly?

Most franchises charge ongoing royalty fees, which can be monthly, quarterly, or annually. These fees are typically a percentage of your revenue (ranging from 4% to 12%) or a fixed amount. Some franchises also charge additional marketing or operational fees.

Is licensing an alternative to franchising?

Yes, licensing can be an alternative to franchising, but it’s a different business model. In licensing, you grant permission to use your brand, trademark, or product without controlling business operations. In franchising, you provide a complete business model, training, and support while maintaining control over operations. Licensing offers more flexibility but less oversight, while franchising ensures brand consistency but comes with more regulations.

Akash Goel

Akash Goel is an experienced Company Secretary specializing in startup compliance and advisory across India. He has worked with numerous early and growth-stage startups, supporting them through critical funding rounds involving top VCs like Matrix Partners, India Quotient, Shunwei, KStart, VH Capital, SAIF Partners, and Pravega Ventures.

His expertise spans Secretarial compliance, IPR, FEMA, valuation, and due diligence, helping founders understand how startups operate and the complexities of legal regulations.

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Common types of Business Licenses required in India

Common types of Business Licenses required in India

With a multitude of regulations varying from state to state, figuring out what licenses you need and how to obtain them can feel like attempting to solve a complex puzzle with missing pieces. However, worry not! We understand the challenges you face, and we're here to guide you through every step of the way.

In this blog, we'll lead you through the intricacies of obtaining the necessary licenses to set up and operate your business seamlessly in India.

Table of Contents

Importance of Business Licenses

Business licenses play a crucial role in India's business landscape for several reasons:

Legal Compliance

  • Obtaining the necessary licenses ensures that businesses operate within the legal framework defined by government regulations.

Consumer Trust and Safety

  • Certain licenses, such as FSSAI licenses for food-related businesses or health licenses for healthcare providers, signify compliance with safety and quality standards.

Public Health and Environmental Protection

  • Licenses related to environmental clearances, waste management, and pollution control are essential for businesses to mitigate their environmental impact.

Taxation and Revenue Generation

  • Business licenses, such as GST registration and professional tax registration, facilitate tax compliance and revenue generation for the Government.

Regulation of Market Competition

  • Certain licenses, such as trade licenses and import-export licenses, regulate market entry and competition.

Employee Welfare and Labor Rights

  • Labor licenses ensure that businesses adhere to labour laws and provide a safe and fair working environment for employees.

Last but certainly not least, business licenses are a badge of honour for your business. They show investors, partners, and customers that you're serious, professional, and committed to doing things the right way. In a crowded marketplace, that kind of credibility can make all the difference.

Common Types of Business Licenses in India

Common types of business licenses required in India

In India, obtaining the necessary business licenses depends on the type of business activity you intend to undertake and the location in which you plan to operate. Here are some common types of business licenses required in India:

Business Registration:

While not classified as a license, registering a business with the Ministry of Corporate Affairs (MCA) in India is a fundamental legal requirement if you are an entrepreneur establishing a business venture.

Depending on the type of business structure chosen, such as sole proprietorship, partnership, limited liability partnership (LLP), or private/public limited company, the eligibility criteria, registration process, and compliance obligations can vary significantly.

There are primarily following types of Business structures:

•  Private Limited Company

•  Limited Liability Partnerships

•  One Person Company

•  Public Limited Company

•  Sole Proprietorship

•  Partnership

Ultimately, registering your business with the MCA not only establishes its legal legitimacy but also lays the foundation for growth, credibility, and long-term success in the Indian startup ecosystem.

For detailed information regarding the eligibility criteria, registration process, and compliance obligations associated with different business structures, check out the link below.

Company Registration in India - Online Incorporation Process Explained

Udyam Registration - MSME License

Similarly, Udyam Registration is not technically a license. However, it provides recognition and certain benefits to Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) in India.

The eligibility criteria for Udyam Registration are based on the investment, turnover, years of establishment, etc.

Once registered as an MSME, you can receive a unique Udyam Registration Number (URN) and a certificate that gives access to government schemes, subsidies, and incentives.

GST Registration

In India, Goods and Services Tax (GST) registration is mandatory for businesses meeting certain turnover thresholds, which is Rs. 40 Lakhs (for goods) and Rs. 20 Lakhs (for services) or engaging in specified activities.

Here's an overview of the process of obtaining GST registration, which is not exactly a license but a crucial registration for businesses:

  • Access the official GST portal.
  • Fill out the registration form with accurate details regarding your business activities, turnover, and so on.
  • Furnish the necessary information, including business details, PAN, Aadhaar, bank account details, and relevant documents.
  • Upon successful verification, you will be issued a unique Goods and Services Tax Identification Number (GSTIN)- a 15-digit unique identifier for the businesses under the GST regime.

Professional Tax Registration

Professional Tax Registration is a requirement for employers and individuals engaged in certain professions, trades, or employment in India. It is a state-level tax levied by the respective State Governments for the welfare of professionals and workers in various sectors.

In some states like Maharashtra, obtaining professional tax registration is mandatory.

Shops and Establishment License

The Shops and Establishment License is a mandatory requirement for businesses operating within a specific jurisdiction, typically at the state level, in India. It is governed by the respective state Shops and Establishment Act and its rules, which vary slightly across different states.

The primary purpose of the Shops and Establishment License is to regulate the operations of shops, commercial establishments, and other businesses within a state with provisions related to-

  • Working hours
  • Welfare and safety of employees
  • Employment practices

The Shops and Establishment License is usually valid for a specific period, after which it needs to be renewed to continue operating legally. A valid Shops and Establishment License is often required for various business activities, including obtaining other licenses, permits, or registrations.

Trade License

A trade license is a legal permit issued by the local municipal authority or council that authorizes your business to engage in specific commercial activities within a designated area or jurisdiction.
Trade licenses specify the types of commercial activities that a business is permitted to undertake. These activities may include manufacturing, trading, storage, distribution, or provision of certain services, depending on the nature of the business and local regulations.

In order to obtain a Trade license, you must submit an application to the local municipal authority or council responsible for issuing licenses. The application process typically requires businesses to provide certain documents, such as -

  • Proof of identity,
  • Address proof,
  • Proof of ownership or tenancy of the premises
  • Approvals and NOCs (No Objection Certificates) from relevant authorities

Once the application is approved and all requirements are met, the local authorities will issue the trade license to your business, specifying the permitted activities, duration of validity, and any conditions or restrictions.

Labour License

Labour licenses, also known as labour permits or labour registrations, are legal authorizations issued by government authorities (Shram Suvidha Portal) to businesses, particularly those employing a significant number of workers, to ensure compliance with labour laws and regulations.

It safeguards the rights and interests of workers by setting standards for fair treatment, safe working conditions, and adequate remuneration. These licenses often require businesses to adhere to minimum wage laws, working hour restrictions, overtime compensation, leave entitlements, and other labour standards aimed at promoting employee well-being.

The process of obtaining a labour license may vary depending on the jurisdiction and the specific requirements imposed by labour laws and regulations.

Food Safety and Standards Authority of India (FSSAI) License

The Food Safety and Standards Authority of India (FSSAI) license, commonly referred to as the FSSAI license, is a mandatory requirement for businesses involved in the manufacturing, processing, packaging, storage, distribution, and sale of food products in India.

Obtaining an FSSAI license is a legal requirement for food businesses operating in India. It is mandated by the Food Safety and Standards Act of 2006, and non-compliance can result in penalties, fines, or even closure of the business.

Depending on the scale and nature of the business, there are different types of FSSAI licenses, such as Basic Registration, State License, and Central License, each catering to specific business activities and turnover thresholds.

Import-Export License

An import-export license, also known as an import-export permit, is a legal authorization issued by government authorities that allows businesses to engage in the importation and/or exportation of goods across international borders.

An Importer Exporter Code is mandatory for the export and import of goods. It is a 10-digit identification number that is compulsory for the purpose of exporting from India as well as for the purpose of importing to India. It has lifetime validity.

The process to obtain an Import Export Code (IEC) registration certificate online involves several steps, as outlined below:

  • Fill out the Application Form.
  • Gather the necessary documents as per the requirements specified.
    • For Private Limited/ LLPs- Company PAN Card, Incorporation Certificate, Aadhar Card, PAN Card of all Directors/Partners, and Cancelled Cheque of the Company.
    • For Partnerships- Partnership Firm PAN Card, Partnership Deed, Aadhar Card, PAN Card of all Partners, and Cancelled Cheque of the Partnership Firm.
  • Pay the required Fees.
  • Upon successful verification and processing, the Import Export Code (IEC) registration certificate will be issued. You will receive the certificate electronically using the registered email ID provided during the application process.

While we covered some common licenses necessary for businesses in India, certain industry-specific licenses and permits exist that are crucial for compliance with sector-specific laws, regulations, and standards. These can vary widely depending on the nature of the industry, the type of activities involved, and the potential risks or impacts associated with the operations.

Business Registration with Razorpay Rize

To conclude, securing these licenses is crucial for the seamless operation of your business. However, it's essential to prioritize registering your business as a legal entity beforehand, as this step is often a prerequisite for applying for most of these licenses.

Razorpay Rize simplifies this fundamental yet vital aspect of the process with its online company registration services. To learn more about how Razorpay Rize can assist you, click below.

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*Prices and documents can differ based on the company type.

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Register your Business at just 1,499 + Govt. Fee

Register your business
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Register your Private Limited Company in just 1,499 + Govt. Fee

Register your business
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Register your One Person Company in just 1,499 + Govt. Fee

Register your business
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Register your Business starting at just 1,499 + Govt. Fee

Register your business
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Register your Limited Liability Partnership in just 1,499 + Govt. Fee

Register your business

Private Limited Company
(Pvt. Ltd.)

1,499 + Govt. Fee
BEST SUITED FOR
  • Service-based businesses
  • Businesses looking to issue shares
  • Businesses seeking investment through equity-based funding


Limited Liability Partnership
(LLP)

1,499 + Govt. Fee
BEST SUITED FOR
  • Professional services 
  • Firms seeking any capital contribution from Partners
  • Firms sharing resources with limited liability 

One Person Company
(OPC)

1,499 + Govt. Fee
BEST SUITED FOR
  • Freelancers, Small-scale businesses
  • Businesses looking for minimal compliance
  • Businesses looking for single-ownership

Private Limited Company
(Pvt. Ltd.)

1,499 + Govt. Fee
BEST SUITED FOR
  • Service-based businesses
  • Businesses looking to issue shares
  • Businesses seeking investment through equity-based funding


One Person Company
(OPC)

1,499 + Govt. Fee
BEST SUITED FOR
  • Freelancers, Small-scale businesses
  • Businesses looking for minimal compliance
  • Businesses looking for single-ownership

Private Limited Company
(Pvt. Ltd.)

1,499 + Govt. Fee
BEST SUITED FOR
  • Service-based businesses
  • Businesses looking to issue shares
  • Businesses seeking investment through equity-based funding


Limited Liability Partnership
(LLP)

1,499 + Govt. Fee
BEST SUITED FOR
  • Professional services 
  • Firms seeking any capital contribution from Partners
  • Firms sharing resources with limited liability 

Frequently Asked Questions

Nipun Jain

Nipun Jain is a seasoned startup leader with 13+ years of experience across zero-to-one journeys, leading enterprise sales, partnerships, and strategy at high-growth startups. He currently heads Razorpay Rize, where he's building India's most loved startup enablement program and launched Rize Incorporation to simplify company registration for founders.

Previously, he founded Natty Niños and scaled it before exiting in 2021, then led enterprise growth at Pickrr Technologies, contributing to its $200M acquisition by Shiprocket. A builder at heart, Nipun loves numbers, stories and simplifying complex processes.

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shopeg.in
Exciting news! Incorporation of our company, FoxSell, with Razorpay Rize was extremely smooth and straightforward. We highly recommend them. Thank you Razorpay Rize for making it easy to set up our business in India.
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We would recommend Razorpay Rize incorporation services to any founder without a second doubt. The process was beyond efficient and show's razorpay founder's commitment and vision to truly help entrepreneur's and early stage startups to get them incorporated with ease. If you wanna get incorporated, pick them. Thanks for the help Razorpay.

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TBS Magazine
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Dhaval Trivedi
Nayan Mishra
https://zillout.com/
Smooth onboarding, seamless incorporation and a wonderful community. Thanks to the #razorpayrize team! #rizeincorporation
Dhaval Trivedi
Basanth Verma
shopeg.in
Exciting news! Incorporation of our company, FoxSell, with Razorpay Rize was extremely smooth and straightforward. We highly recommend them. Thank you Razorpay Rize for making it easy to set up our business in India.
@foxsellapp
#razorpayrize #rizeincorporation
Dhaval Trivedi
Prakhar Shrivastava
foxsell.app
We would recommend Razorpay Rize incorporation services to any founder without a second doubt. The process was beyond efficient and show's razorpay founder's commitment and vision to truly help entrepreneur's and early stage startups to get them incorporated with ease. If you wanna get incorporated, pick them. Thanks for the help Razorpay.

#entrepreneur #tbsmagazine #rize #razorpay #feedback
Dhaval Trivedi
TBS Magazine
Hey, Guys!
We just got incorporated yesterday.
Thanks to Rize team for all the Support.
It was a wonderful experience.
CHEERS 🥂
#entrepreneur #tbsmagazine #rize #razorpay #feedback
Dhaval Trivedi
Nayan Mishra
https://zillout.com/